The New York Times, August 30, 2010

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Why are worker ants sterile? Why do birds sometimes help their parents raise more chicks, instead of having chicks of their own? Why do bacteria explode with toxins to kill rival colonies? In 1964, the British biologist William Hamilton published a landmark paper to answer these kinds of questions. Sometimes, he argued, helping your relatives can spread your genes faster than having children of your own.

For the past 46 years, biologists have used Dr. Hamilton’s theory to make sense of how animal societies evolve. They’ve even applied it to the evolution of our own species. But in the latest issue of the journal Nature, a team of prominent evolutionary biologists at Harvard try to demolish the theory.

Continue reading “Scientists Square Off on Evolutionary Value of Helping Relatives”

I’ve contributed my first article to Technology Review–a short profile of Tim Lu of MIT, one of TR’s 35 innovators under 35. Lu is engineering viruses to attack biofilms–not just the ones that make us sick, but the ones that gum up factories and HVAC systems. Elegant and practical at the same time. Congratulations to all the winners!

Originally published August 27, 2010. Copyright 2010 Carl Zimmer.

Conservation Magazine, August 27, 2010

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Win-win solutions can be hard to come by. But if Cornell University soil scientist Johannes Lehmann is right, there may be a way to lower our emission of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, save millions of people’s lives, and significantly boost the productivity of the world’s farms—all at the same time. And, most remarkably, his strategy is based on a deceptively simple technology invented 8,000 years ago.

Lehmann’s idea starts with organic leftovers that people normally burn or leave to rot—forest brush, corn husks, nutshells, and even chicken manure. When this stuff decays or goes up in smoke, it releases vast amounts of heat-trapping carbon into the atmosphere.

Continue reading “Black is the New Green”

If you’re looking for a gang of vicious killers, look no further than the Apicomplexans. These single-celled protozoans cause death and destruction across the animal kingdom. They infect everything from butterflies to people. Their diseases include Texas Cattle Fever, toxoplasmosis, and the scourge that makes Plasmodium the baddest Apicomplexan of them all, malaria. Continue reading “Malaria, Sea Grapes, and Kidney Stones: A Tale of Parasites Lost”