I just wanted to send out a quick reminder to any readers at Yale that my class, Writing about Science and the Environment (EVST 215a) will have its first meeting this coming Tuesday, 9/6, at 9:20 am.

You can check out the syllabus at the university course information page. (Search for EVST 215.)

If it interests you, please consider applying. And if you’re not interested, please pass on this information to anyone you think might be. Thanks.

Originally published August 31, 2010. Copyright 2010 Carl Zimmer.

In the Tangled Bank, I wrote about how life has to evolve within constraints–constraints of physics, development, and history. One of the examples I used was the laryngeal nerve in giraffes. It travels down the giraffe’s neck, takes a U turn, and then heads back up again. It seems ridiculous, but makes sense if you think about how it was laid down in fish without necks, and was then gradually modified–rather than re-engineered outright–as tetrapods grew necks, and then taken to surreal extremes in the long-necked giraffe.

Youtube has an excellent snippet of Richard Dawkins hanging out with an anatomist as she dissects a giraffe’s neck, to show what this remarkable evolutionary legacy really looks like. Warning: it’s bloody, like all dissections. But it’s worth the gore!

(PS: Anybody know what show this came from?)

(PPS: Turns out, it’s from “Inside Nature’s Giants.” Wish I could see it from the States!)

Originally published August 30, 2010. Copyright 2010 Carl Zimmer.

On Wednesday, EO Wilson and colleagues at Harvard came out swinging at a major concept in modern evolutionary biology, known as inclusive fitness. A generation of scientists has used it to explain how animals help each other–because they’re kin. In the new paper, Wilson and colleagues say it’s superfluous.

I’ve written a story about the paper–and the sparks flying from it in biology circles–for tomorrow’s issue of the New York Times. I very much liked the way Jim Hunt, an expert on wasps, described the debate to me:

“Things are just bouncing around right now like a box full of Ping-Pong balls.”

To see what he means, check out the story.

[Image from Alex Wild]

Originally published August 30, 2010. Copyright 2010 Carl Zimmer.

The New York Times, August 30, 2010

Link

Why are worker ants sterile? Why do birds sometimes help their parents raise more chicks, instead of having chicks of their own? Why do bacteria explode with toxins to kill rival colonies? In 1964, the British biologist William Hamilton published a landmark paper to answer these kinds of questions. Sometimes, he argued, helping your relatives can spread your genes faster than having children of your own.

For the past 46 years, biologists have used Dr. Hamilton’s theory to make sense of how animal societies evolve. They’ve even applied it to the evolution of our own species. But in the latest issue of the journal Nature, a team of prominent evolutionary biologists at Harvard try to demolish the theory.

Continue reading “Scientists Square Off on Evolutionary Value of Helping Relatives”