For this week’s “Matter” column, I write about the bees buzzing from flower to flower this summer. In particular, I take a look at the bees that pollinate 20,000 species of plants–including crops like tomatoes and potatoes–with some amazing acoustics. They vibrate hundreds of times a second to shake pollen loose from special tubes in the flowers.

That’s why you can use a tuning fork to coax some flowers to release a cloud of pollen, as this video from Anne Leonard of the University of Nevada, Reno, illustrates. Bees, in other words, are living tuning forks.

As I continue to catch up from a week’s vacation, I realize that I neglected to point Loom readers to last week’s “Matter” column in the New York Times. It’s a fun one: a look at the species with the fewest known genes in its genome–just 120. Which raises the questions, just how low can you go? Is there some minimal essence of life? The answer is not what you might think. And it involves living inside a mealybug.

Andrew Howley over at National Geographic News Watch shares my fascination with such “Whoa…” questions, and so we exchanged some further thoughts about what it means to be alive. You can read his conversation with me here.

The New York Times, July 11, 2013

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Now is the time of year when bees buzz from flower to flower. And for many plants, the very survival of their species depends on that buzz. The flowers and the insects are joined together in a partnership of sound.

Bumblebees and other insects use buzzing to shake pollen out of flowers for food — and they fertilize flowers along the way. Scientists are exploring this acoustic feat to figure out how it has evolved, and how it helps sustain our own food supply.

Flowering plants typically reproduce by delivering pollen to each other to fertilize seeds. Some flowers, like corn and ragweed, cast their pollen to the wind. Others depend on animals like bees, bats or birds to do the job.

Continue reading “Unraveling the Pollinating Secrets of a Bee’s Buzz”

We know that the 100 trillion microbes in the human body are important to our health. What’s harder to know is how to use them to make us healthy.

Normally, our resident microbes–the microbiome–carry out a number of important jobs for us, from fighting off pathogens to breaking down food for us. If they get disrupted, we  suffer the consequences. Sometimes antibiotics can upset the ecological balance in our bodies so severely, for example, that rare, dangerous species can take over.

Continue reading “A Living Drug Cocktail”

In 2009, I published The Tangled Bank: An Introduction. I intended it as a textbook for non-majors, as well as a guide to evolution for people looking for a thorough but non-technical account of how life has gotten to be the way it is. The project proved to be far more work than I had reckoned, but I was happy with how it turned out, especially thanks to the talented artists and designers I had the privilege to work with. The reception has been gratifying; the Quarterly Review of Biology, for example, called it “spectacularly successful.” A number of courses have adopted The Tangled Bank both in the United States and abroad.

It’s hard to believe that four years have rushed by since the book came out. A lot has happened in the world of evolutionary biology during that time, some of which I’ve tried to document here and in my articles. And so, next month, I’ll be publishing the second edition of The Tangled Bank.

Continue reading “The Tangled Bank 2.0, Ready For Pre-Order”