For decades, neuroengineers have dreamed of helping people who have been cut off from the world of language.

A disease like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or A.L.S., weakens the muscles in the airway. A stroke can kill neurons that normally relay commands for speaking. Perhaps, by implanting electrodes, scientists could instead record the brain’s electric activity and translate that into spoken words.

Continue reading “For Some Patients, the ‘Inner Voice’ May Soon Be Audible” →

For years, whistle-blowers have warned that fake results are sneaking into the scientific literature at an increasing pace. A new statistical analysis backs up the concern.

A team of researchers found evidence of shady organizations churning out fake or low-quality studies on an industrial scale. And their output is rising fast, threatening the integrity of many fields.

Continue reading “Fraudulent Scientific Papers Are Rapidly Increasing, Study Finds” →

At the heart of all life is a code. Our cells use it to turn the information in our DNA into proteins. So do maple trees. So do hammerhead sharks. So do shiitake mushrooms. Except for some minor variations, the genetic code is universal.

It’s also redundant. DNA can code for the same building block of proteins in more than one way. Researchers have long debated what purpose this redundancy serves — or whether it’s just an accident of history.

Continue reading “Scientists Are Learning to Rewrite the Code of Life” →

In April, a team of scientists based at the University of Cambridge claimed that a planet orbiting a distant star bore a possible signature of life. The announcement kicked up a fierce debate among astronomers, with many skeptics arguing that the evidence was too ambiguous.

Now a NASA-led team has made a new set of observations of the planet known as K2-18b, which lies 124 light-years from Earth. They have provided a clearer picture of the planet — confirming the presence of water, perhaps even as a liquid ocean.

Continue reading “Hints of Life on Exoplanet Recede Even Further” →

German paleontologists have discovered a 247-million-year-old fossil of a reptile with a bizarre row of plumes sprouting from its back. The elaborate display is a paradox of evolution. The plumes bear some similarities to feathers, even though the newly discovered reptile was not closely related to birds.

Stephan Spiekman, a paleontologist at the Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History in Germany and an author of the new study, said that the discovery could change how scientists think about the origin of feathers. In birds, a complex network of genes is enlisted to sprout feathers from their skin. Part of the network might have already evolved in early reptiles more than 300 million years ago.

Continue reading “Something Like Feathers Grew on a 247-Million-Year-Old Reptile” →